All about diabetes

Types of diabetes

Type 1 diabetes - the type of diabetes that occurs most often in children or young people and is characterized by destruction of pancreatic cells by the immune system that secrete insulin, people with type 1 diabetes produce little or no insulin and require injections with insulin to survive.

Diabetes mellitus type 2 - is the type of diabetes that occurs most frequently in adulthood, these individuals produce insulin, but it can not be used tissues properly, a change in lifestyle shortly after the onset of diabetes (diet, healthy eating, etc..) can lead to disease regression.

Gestational diabetes - diabetes is the type that occurs during pregnancy, often returns to normal after pregnancy, but must be kept under observation, the patient is then 50% higher risk to develop type 2 diabetes, is treated with diet and insulin during pregnancy since taking oral hypoglycemic agents.

Factors predisposing to type 1 diabetes

Genetic predisposition, infections with viruses that have predilection for the pancreatic tissue (rubelolic virus, mumps virus, the virus infectious mononucleosis, etc..) Food factors (some cow's milk protein introduced too early in the diet for children, coffee consumed by children, nitrosamines) are among the predisposing factors of type 1 diabetes.

Factors predisposing to type 2 diabetes

Factors that predispose to the development of type 2 diabetes include: hereditary-genetic factors, lifestyle unhealthy calorie diets, obesity - particularly the abdominal type, sedentary lifestyle, smoking and alcohol consumption in large amounts, stress, etc..

Symptoms of diabetes:

 Big hungry unexplained weight loss

 Sete large ingestion of large amounts of water

 Frequent urination

Dry mouth

The diagnosis of diabetes mellitus:

Glucose determination is made after an overnight fast at least 8 hours of fasting. It is a common and inexpensive analysis is made by collecting venous blood testing or meter. In people over 45 years is recommended that blood sugar be tested every 3 years.

Glucose> 200 mg / dl at any time of day without regard to time since last meal, symptoms associated with diabetes

OR

After an overnight fast blood glucose> 126 mg / dl

OR

Glucose tolerance test (specific test is made in approved units) at 2 hours> 200 mg / dl

Who is at risk of developing diabetes?

* Obese

* Women who had gestational diabetes and have given life to children weighing more than 4 kg at birth

* Hypertensives

* Children of patients with diabetes (genetic transmission)

* Those who have elevated blood lipids (cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL).

Complications of diabetes:

* Coma cetoacidotica (with decreased blood pH, coma, even death of the patient)

* Hyperglycaemic coma (in those treated with high doses of agents or insulin)

* Macroangiopatia diabetic (affecting large and medium size vessels because of metabolic disturbances occurring in the disease)

* Diabetic microangiopathy (damage to the small caliber vessels) affecting eye vessels, which may progress to blindness, kidney vessels, which can lead to kidney failure, nerve damage.

Treatment of diabetes:

* Control of blood glucose and insulin injections by antibiabetice

* Diet (must avoid carbohydrates: sweets, flour, potatoes, milk, bread, polenta)

* Exercise

Diabetes is a chronic disease that causes 3.2 million people die each year because of complications. WHO projections show that diabetes and its complications are a major cause of disability and a leading cause of death in the next 25 years.